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歷史
六七千年前的先民就開始釣魚。周文王曾和兒子們在靈沼釣魚取樂。戰國時范蠡也愛釣魚，常把所釣之魚供給越王勾踐食用。 二十世紀八十年代，中國大陸的各級釣魚協會成立，釣魚地點也從自然水域向養殖水域過度，所釣之魚則從粗養向細養過度。人數增多、水體污染及濫捕濫撈導致釣魚難度上升。釣魚協會開始與漁民和農民簽訂文件，使更多釣者能夠在養殖水域釣魚，達到了雙贏的目的。 二十世紀九十年代初，來自台灣的懸釣法走紅大陸，各地開始建造標準釣池。 二十世紀末，發達國家的釣者提倡回顧自然，引發新一輪野釣戰，而中國的釣者則更青睞精養魚池。[1]
工具
一种钓鱼竿机械部分示意图
最基本的钓具包括：鱼竿、鱼线、鱼钩、沉坨（又名沉子）、浮标（又名鱼漂）、鱼饵。[2]:1其他辅助钓具包括：失手绳、钓箱、线轮、抄网、鱼篓、渔具盒、钓鱼服、钓鱼鞋等。[2]:1
钓竿一般由玻璃纖維或碳纖維轻而有力的竿状物质製成，钓竿和鱼饵用丝线联接。一般的鱼饵可以是蚯蚓、米饭、蝦子、菜叶、苍蝇、蛆等，现代有专门制作好（多数由自己配置的半成品）的粉製鱼饵出售。鱼饵挂在鱼鉤上，不同的對象鱼有不同的釣組配置。在周围水面撒一些誘餌通常会有較好的集魚效果。
钓具
鱼竿
主条目：鱼竿
钓鱼的鱼竿按照材质包括：传统竹竿、玻璃纤维竿、碳素竿，按照钓法包括：手竿、矶竿、海竿（又名甩竿），按照所钓鱼类包括：溪流小继竿、日鲫竿（又名河内竿）、鲤竿、矶中小物竿。[2]:6-8
鱼钩
主条目：鱼钩
鱼钩就是垂钓用的钩，主要分为：有倒钩、无倒钩、毛钩。[2]:14
鱼线
主条目：鱼线
鱼线就是垂钓时绑接鱼竿和鱼钩的线，历史上曾使用蚕丝（远古日本）、发丝（江户时期日本）、马尾（西欧）、二枚贝（地中海）、蛛网丝（夏威夷）、琼麻（东南亚）、尼龙钓线（美国）。[2]:25
鱼漂
主条目：鱼漂
鱼漂又名浮标，垂钓时栓在鱼线上的能漂浮的东西，主要用于搜集水底情报，查看鱼汛，观察鱼饵存留状态，以及水底水流起伏变化。[2]:36
鱼饵
主条目：鱼饵
鱼饵分为诱饵和钓饵，是一种用来吸引鱼群和垂钓时使用的物品，钓饵分为荤饵、素饵、拟饵、拉饵。[2]:170
沉子
主条目：沉子
沉子又名沉坨、铅锤，是一种调节鱼漂的工具。[2]:45
卷线器
主条目：卷线器
卷线器主要安装在海竿和矶竿上的一种卷线的工具。[2]:63
连结具
主条目：连结具
连结具是连结鱼线与钓竿、母线与子线的一种连结物，使用最广泛的是连结环。[2]:55
识鱼
鱼类的视力不如人类，距离、宽度均无法和人类的视力比较，鱼类对水色、绿色比较敏感，鱼类的嗅觉非常灵敏，鱼类的听觉也非常灵敏，钓鲤鱼时，不能在岸上大声谈笑、走动不停，鱼类的思考能力非常弱，鱼类应对周边环境随着气象、水温、水色、潮流、流速、水量的变化而变化，于是便出现了在同一个池塘、水库、湖泊，往日钓鱼收获大，今日少，上午收获大，下午少，晴天大，雨天少等情况。[2]:114-117淡水钓鱼，中国大陆经常垂钓的鱼类对象是本地鲫鱼、日本鲫、非洲鲫、鲤鱼、游鱼、罗非鱼、黄刺鱼（黄鸭叫）、黄尾、鳊鱼、青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼，台湾经常垂钓的鱼类对象是本地鲫鱼、日本鲫、吴郭鱼（罗非鱼）、溪哥仔和红猫（粗首马口鱲）、斗鱼、罗汉鱼、苦花、三角姑（河鮠）、竹蒿头（密鱼）。[2]:117
影响鱼类的6大因素主要是：季节变更、气温高低、水的涨落、风的大小、水的清浊、天气阴晴
Thanks
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